(Ponderosa Pine), a drought-resistant and shade-intolerant tree, was utilized by the Okanagan in many ways. The pitch was a chewing gum used for medicinal purposes and as glue to secure spear points and barbed hooks to shafts. It was also used to treat wounds, as the pitch is antiseptic. The cambium - a moist inner bark - was eaten in early spring, while pine nuts could be gathered throughout the year as a snack.