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Snowplough on a train, Canada
Chasse-neige attelé à un train, Canada

The harsh Canadian winter could prove a challenge to train travel, especially when storms dumped enormous amounts of snow on the tracks. In this 1877 painting, Alfred Frederick Beevor (1846-1911) depicts a train with a plow attached to the engine blasting its way through the snow. Beevor was very familiar with this type of situation, as he worked as a draughtsman, and then as a civil engineer, for the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR), based in Montreal. 

In the early years of Canadian railway development, the trains simply did not run during the winter. By 1850, however, the increasing importance of the railway as a means of transportation for goods and people prompted the GTR to look for ways to support year-round train travel. The GTR not only equipped locomotives with snowplows, it also developed separate wedge-plow cars, which were designed to be pushed by up to six locomotives through heavy snow drifts. 

Later in the 19th century, a Canadian dentist came up with the idea for a plow similar in concept to the dental drill. This design was the basis for the rotary plow which proved invaluable in clearing show from the tracks of the transcontinental railways that connected Canada from coast to coast.

L’hiver canadien rigoureux pouvait constituer tout un défi lors des déplacements en train, particulièrement lorsque les tempêtes laissaient d’énormes quantités de neige sur les voies ferrées. Dans cette peinture de 1877, Alfred Frederick Beevor (1846-1911) montre un train muni d’un chasse neige attelé à la locomotive frayant son chemin à travers la neige. Beevor était très familier avec ce genre de situation, ayant travaillé comme dessinateur et ensuite comme ingénieur civil pour le Chemin de fer Grand Trunk (CGT), basé à Montréal.

Au début du développement des chemins de fer canadiens, les trains n’étaient tout simplement pas en service l’hiver. En 1850, toutefois, l’importance croissante du chemin de fer comme mode de transport des marchandises et des gens a incité le CGT à trouver des solutions qui permettraient les déplacements en train toute l’année. Non seulement le CGT a équipé les locomotives de chasse neige, mais il a aussi conçu des voitures distinctes de type chasse-neige à éperon poussées par un maximum de six locomotives dans de grands amoncellements de neige.

Plus tard au XIXe siècle, un dentiste canadien a eu l’idée d’un chasse-neige reprenant le concept de la fraise dentaire. C’est ainsi qu’est né le chasse-neige rotatif, qui s’est avéré très utile pour dégager la neige de la voie ferrée des chemins de fer transcontinentaux qui reliaient le Canada d’un océan à l’autre.

Details

Selected by: Library and Archives Canada / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Date 1877
Record Abraham Frederick Beevor / Library and Archives Canada / C-000140.

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